'Errata' giuridici
Autore | Aleksander Peczenik |
Pagine | 77-78 |
Page 77
Nella creazione di una norma N, il legislatore deve rispettare alcune condizioni riguardanti il contenuto, la propria identit‡, il procedimento applicato, ecc. Queste condizioni sono stabilite da norme ´superioriª, il mancato adempimento di esse talvolta puÚ invalidare N, talvolta no. Quali sono le condizioni (e che tipo di norme ´superioriª le stabiliscono) tali da invalidare N a causa del loro mancato adempimento? Per definizione, una norma ´ superiore ª che stabilisce le condizioni per fare N Ë essenziale se, e solo se, la sua violazione porta ad invalidare N. Comunque, quali sono le norme essenziali in questo senso? Discutiamo alcune ipotesi.
1) Dipende da ciÚ che la norma ´superioreª regola. Si supponga, per esempio, che solo le norme di competenza, come ´ la persona ¿ ha la competenza di fare Nª, siano essenziali; nel caso in cui qualcun altro avesse creato N, allora N non sarebbe valida. La trasgressione di alcune norme ´superioriª, che stabiliscono condizioni diverse da queste che identificano il legislatore competente, puÚ, comunque, essere altrettanto invalidante. L'invalidit‡ di N puÚ cosÏ seguire alcuni gravi errori procedurali e perfino una grave infrazione di alcune norme ´superioriª che determinano un dato contenuto di N.
2) Dipende dalla posizione della norma ´superioreª nella gerarchia delle leggi. La violazione della Costituzione darebbe cosÏ luogo all'invalidit‡ di N, mentre la violazione di una legge no, ecc. Anche questa ipotesi Ë comunque errata. In molti paesi, esistono esempi di ´leggi originaliª, valide nonostante siano state fatte trasgredendo la Costituzione.
3) Dipende da ciÚ che la norma ´superioreª dice di se stessa. PuÚ dire chiaramente che se, e solo in quel caso, alcune condizioni non sono rispettate, allora N non Ë valida. Nessun provvedimento simile Ë, comunque, immune da modifiche impreviste e...
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