Reflexions finals
Autore | Alex Seglers Gómez-Quintero |
Occupazione dell'autore | Profesor de Derecho eclesiástico. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona |
Reflexions finals… o la “italizanització” del model espanyol
Hem arribat gairebé al final del nostre estudi. És doncs moment d’esmentar les principals conclusions del mateix. El to descriptiu que ha predominat al llarg de l’exposició es matisarà tot seguit amb una certa llibertat, la qual, en els assaigs jurídics, són privilegi de les valoracions de iure condendo i, en menor mesura, de les indicacions a peu de pàgina de treballs precedents.
Com s’ha mostrat, la reforma del Títol V de la Constitució italiana va dedicarse íntegrament a la descentralització de l’Administració territorial. Competencialment és clar que les Regions han quedat concernides per virtut de l’article 117 CI, que els hi atribueix la potestat legislativa en referència a cadascuna d’aquelles matèries no reservades a la legislació estatal. Amb tot, la matèria relativa a les relacions amb les esglésies i confessions és patrimoni de l’Estat central, de la mateixa manera que la política exterior.
En efecte, l’article 117 CI –lletres a) ic)– reprodueix els articles 7 i 8 CI, que consagren el principi de bilateralitat entre l ’ Estat, l’Església Catòlica i les minories religioses. L’ instrument legislatiu d’aquestes relacions serà el tractat internacional (Concordat o Acord) amb la Santa Seu, o bé la intesa (llei del Parlament) amb la resta de confessions i esglésies. És a partir d’aquest esquema bilateral i centralista que les Regions –en funció de llurs competències–, podran desenvolupar el marc prèviament definit per les intese. Així, matèries concurrents com ara l’ensenyament, la sanitat, l’alimentació, el sistema tributario el patrimoni cultural i històric podran ser objecte del Diritto Ecclesiastico regionale i, també, d’acords menors entre les esglésies i les Regions. Per ò, certament, en cap cas aquests pactes secundaris gaudiran del rang constitucional inherent a lesintese.
Hem vist que, per un costat, correspon al President del Consell de Ministres, a petició de la confessió interessada, encetar les negociacions i la preparació del text que contindrà les bases de l’entesa, i, per l’altre, pertocarà a la Direzione Centrale degli Affari dei Culti formar part de la Comissió negociadora i, tanmateix, presidir les distintes Comissions sectorials que s’escaiguin per a donar efectivitat a les enteses acordades. En aquestes Comissions –tal com succeeix a l’Estat espanyol amb les Comunitats Autònomes–, no està prevista la participació de les Regions.
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