n. 93 SENTENZA 21 marzo - 27 aprile 2018 -
ha pronunciato la seguente SENTENZA nel giudizio di legittimita' costituzionale degli artt. 395 e 396 del codice di procedura civile, promosso dalla Corte d'appello di Venezia, sezione per i minorenni, sul ricorso proposto da J. Z., con ordinanza del 18 luglio 2016, iscritta al n. 55 del registro ordinanze 2017 e pubblicata nella Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica n. 17, prima serie speciale, dell'anno 2017. Visto l'atto di costituzione di J. Z.;
udito nella udienza pubblica del 20 marzo 2018 il Giudice relatore Giancarlo Coraggio;
udito l'avvocato Giulia Perin per J. Z. Ritenuto in fatto 1.- La Corte d'appello di Venezia, sezione per i minorenni, ha sollevato questione di legittimita' costituzionale degli artt. 395 e 396 del codice di procedura civile, nella parte in cui non prevedono tra i casi di revocazione quello in cui essa «si renda necessaria per consentire il riesame del merito della sentenza impugnata per la necessita' di uniformarsi alle statuizioni vincolanti rese dalla Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo», deducendo la violazione dell'art. 117, primo comma, della Costituzione, in relazione al parametro interposto dell'art. 46, paragrafo 1, della Convenzione per la salvaguardia dei diritti dell'uomo e delle liberta' fondamentali (CEDU), firmata a Roma il 4 novembre 1950, ratificata e resa esecutiva con legge 4 agosto 1955, n. 848. 1.1.- Il rimettente espone in punto di fatto che: - il Tribunale per i minorenni di Venezia - all'esito di un procedimento radicato dal pubblico ministero in favore del minore A. T. Z., in ragione dell'assenza di notizie del padre e della carenza nell'accudimento da parte della madre J. Z. - aveva dichiarato, con sentenza n. 98 del 19 febbraio 2010, lo stato di adottabilita' del minore medesimo, disponendo l'interruzione dei rapporti con la madre e nominando un tutore;
- avverso tale sentenza la madre J. Z. aveva proposto appello, sostenendo l'assenza dei presupposti per la pronuncia della dichiarazione di adottabilita' e lamentando che il tribunale - in violazione dell'art. 8 della CEDU - non avesse valutato la possibilita' di dare luogo ad un'adozione non legittimante, in applicazione dell'art. 44 della legge 4 maggio 1983, n. 184 (Diritto del minore ad una famiglia), che le avrebbe consentito il mantenimento di un rapporto con il figlio minore;
- la Corte d'appello di Venezia, con sentenza n. 126 del 19 novembre 2010, sul presupposto che l'ordinamento non prevede l'adozione «mite» richiesta dall'appellante, aveva confermato la sentenza di primo grado;
- la Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo, adita dalla madre J. Z., con sentenza del 21 gennaio 2014, divenuta definitiva il 2 giugno 2014, aveva accertato la violazione lamentata e condannato lo Stato italiano a pagare alla ricorrente la somma di euro 40.000,00, a titolo di indennizzo per il danno morale subito, oltre alle spese;
- con la citata sentenza la Corte EDU aveva ritenuto che, a salvaguardia del rispetto della vita familiare da ingerenze non giustificate, le autorita' italiane, prima di disporre l'affidamento del minore e avviare una procedura di adottabilita', avrebbero dovuto prendere misure concrete per permettergli di vivere con la madre, occorrendo preservare, per quanto possibile, il legame tra gli stessi e favorirne lo sviluppo;
- sulla base di tali premesse, la ricorrente J. Z. ha agito per la revocazione della citata sentenza della Corte d'appello, chiedendo, in via principale, che vengano presi contatti con i genitori adottivi e con i servizi sociali, perche', nel rispetto dell'interesse del minore, si valutino quali possano essere le forme di attuazione della sentenza della Corte EDU;
e, in via subordinata, qualora a cio' si consideri ostativa la formulazione dell'art. 395 cod. proc. civ., di sollevare questione di legittimita' costituzionale della stessa disposizione, nella parte in cui non prevede tra i casi di revocazione quello in cui tale rimedio sia imposto dalla necessita' di dare attuazione ad una sentenza della Corte EDU;
- si e' costituito il tutore, aderendo alle richieste della ricorrente e chiedendo che i servizi sociali competenti...
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