Linked Open Data for the Italian PA: The CNR Experience

AutoreAldo Gangemi - Enrico Daga - Alberto Salvati - Gianluca Troiani - Claudio Baldassarre
Pagine453-476
Linked Open Data for the Italian PA: The CNR Experience
ALDO GA NGE MI, EN RIC O DAGA, ALB ERTO SALVATI
GIAN LUC A TROIA NI, CL AUDI O BALDA SSAR RE
SUMM ARY:1. Introduction – 2. Requirements for a Large Organization – 2.1. General
Aspects – 2.2. Functional Requirements – 3. Methodology – 4. System Architecture –
5. Data Sources – 6. Ontology Design – 7. Data Design and Linkage – 7.1. Reengineer-
ing Data – 7.2. Inferencing New Knowledge – 7.3. Linking Data – 7.4. Categorizing
Entities – 7.5. Conf‌iguring Access Levels – 8. Data Publishing – 9. Data Consumption
and Applications – 9.1. data.cnr.it – 9.2. Semantic Scout – 10. Conclusions and Future
Work
1. INT RODU CTI ON
An information system for organizations is traditionally thought as a
mere technical tool for automation and management of administrative ac-
tivities. In a scenario where semantic technologies are consistently proving
that this idea is too restrictive, we want to reinforce the semantic web vi-
sion of aggregative information systems. We present the Semantic Scout, a
software framework that offers semantic support to functionalities such as
competence f‌inding, social network discovery, etc.
The need for the Semantic Scout is motivated by the quest to provide a
f‌lexible decision making support within large organization, and in particu-
lar to support expert f‌inding and project management. This is a common
requirement within any organization with many stakeholders who are re-
quired to work in synergy, and to exploit internal resources, before looking
for external competences. The hypothesis at the basis of this work is that
the use of semantic technology, and in particular semantic search, automatic
text categorization, linked data and ontologies, can make that requirement
more easily achievable. In principle, the hypothesis is sensible for two rea-
sons: f‌irstly because semantic technology decouples knowledge from imple-
mented systems, so that data can be consumed in ways closer to specif‌ic
requirements or new scenarios; secondly, because semantic technology ex-
The Authors belong to the Semantic Technology Laboratory, ISTC-CNR. This work
has been supported by the CNR program Semantic IntraWeb,the Semantic Scouting project
funded by the CNR Technology TransferOff‌ice, as well as by the EU projects NeOn, funded
within the 6th FrameworkProgramme, and IKS, funded within the 7th FP.
454 Informatica e diritto /I linguaggi, gli strumenti e le applicazioni
plicitly represents the entities of an organization, which gather an owniden-
tity: such identity enables simple and effective data aggregation procedures,
and nicely matches the way humans refer to relevant things in their environ-
ment. A conceptual level that is close to human knowledge management is
additionally provided by explicit conceptual schemata for the data (ontolo-
gies)1.
In general, semantics improves the f‌lexibility and adaptability of the sys-
tems, reducing the problems related to legacy and inconsistent data access,
while augmenting the overall productivity. For example, the system de-
scribed in our use case can be adapted to new requirements by simplychang-
ing the way the data are accessed, in a fully transparent and system-indepen-
dent way.
Part of this work builds upon the results presented in two publications2,
where the authors introduce an approach to migrate legacy data, in the
domain of a large research institution, to a format that fosters interoper-
ability and re-usability (RDF/OWL). Consistently with previous experi-
ences3we analyze the case of the Italian National Research Council (CNR)4,
and capitalize the capability acquired to integrate information fromdif ferent
databases into an OWL knowledge base (KB). At the same time, we redef‌ine
the target goal5, expanding the request for tools that supports organizational
research management both for internal needs, for opening organizational as-
sets and data to the external world, and for assessing CNR research impact.
By asset we mean humans, departments, research programs, scientif‌ic pro-
duction (publications, patents), dissemination activities, etc. The objectives
pursued by this work include:
1A. GANGE MI, V. PRES UTTI ,Ontology Design for Interaction in a ReasonableEnter prise,
in Rittgen P. (ed.), “Handbook of Ontologies for Business Interaction”, Hershey, PA, IGI
Global, 2007.
2A. GLIO ZZO, A. GANG EMI, V. PRE SUTT I, E. CAR DILL O, E. DAGA, A. SALVATI,
G. TROIA NI,A Collaborative Semantic Web Layer to Enhance Legacy Systems, in “Proceed-
ings of the ISWC2007” (Busan, Korea, 2007); C. BALDAS SARR E, E. DAGA, A. GANG EMI,
A. GLIO ZZO, A. SA LVATI, G. TROI ANI,Semantic Scout: Making Sense of Or ganizational
Knowledge, in “Proceedings of EKAW2010”, 2010.
3C. BALDA SSAR RE, E. DAGA, A. GAN GEMI , A. GLIOZ ZO, A. SALVATI, G. T ROIANI,
Semantic Scout: Making Sense of Organizational Knowledge, cit.
4Cfr. http://www.cnr.it.
5A. GLIO ZZO, A. GANG EMI, V. PRE SUTT I, E. CAR DILL O, E. DAGA, A. SALVATI,
G. TROIA NI,A Collaborative Semantic Web Layer to Enhance Legacy Systems, cit.

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