Capitol Sete
Autore | Alex Seglers Gómez-Quintero |
Occupazione dell'autore | Profesor de Derecho eclesiástico. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona |
CAPÍTOL SETÈ
La nova Proposta di Legge n. 1576 sulla libertà religiosa
Segons afirma Botta és evident que la regla de la bilateralitat dels articles 7.2 i 8.3 CI no exhaureix “il sistema di pluralismo confessionale disegnato dal costituente”73. Tan es així que, a la present Legislatura XIV, l’Assemblea de Diputats va presentar una Proposta de Llei n. 1576, de 14 de setembre de 2001 sobre la llibertat religiosa, que pretenia derogar l’antiga legislació dels anys 1929 i 1930 sobre els cultes admesos74.
La nova Proposta di Legge n. 1576 roman dividida en quatre Capítols: el primer es titula “Llibertat de consciència i de religió” (articles 1-14); el segon “Confessions i Associacions religioses” (articles 15-26); el tercer “Estipulació de intese” (articles 27-36); i en el quart es contenen les “Disposicions finals i transitòries” (articles 37-41).
A diferència de la LOLR, la Proposta di Legge n. 1576 segueix el camí traçat a Portugal amb la recent Lei n.º 16/2001, de 22 de Junho, da Liberdade Religiosa. Aquesta llei regula l’exercici dels drets de la llibertat religiosa i les relacions de l’Estat portuguès amb les confessions i, encara que ho fa unilateralment, els seus continguts traspuen una més que notòria sensibilitat davant el factor religiós individual i comunitari75.
Respecte la Proposta di Legge n. 1576, el primer Capítol –dedicat a la llibertat de consciència i religió–, regula la garantia de la llibertat religiosa i de culte com a dret fonamental i inviolable de la persona, garantit a les convencions internacionals ratificades per Itàlia (article 1).
El contingut individual el formen els següents drets: professar lliurement la pròpia fe religiosa, sia individualment o associada; difondre la religió i ferne propaganda (proselitisme); observar els rituals i exercitar el culte en públic o en privat; canviar de religió o creença i no tenirne cap (article 2).
Ningú pot ser discriminat per motius religiosos, ni es pot obligar a qualsevol persona a declarar sobre la seva pertinença religiosa (article 3).
Els progenitors tenen el dret a educar els seus fills en coherència amb la pròpia fe religiosa; els menors, a partir dels 14 anys, podran escollir autònomament la seva religió (article 4).
Els drets de reunió i associació religiosa són exercitats lliurement per motius religiosos (article 5).
La llibertat religiosa comprèn el dret a adherirse o abandonar una confessió, i participar en l’organització interna de la mateixa sense la ingerència de l’Estat (article 6).
Els ciutadans tenen el dret a...
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