Capitol Primer
Autore | Alex Seglers Gómez-Quintero |
Occupazione dell'autore | Profesor de Derecho eclesiástico. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona |
CAPÍTOL PRIMER
Preliminar
En els darrers anys ha reviscolat l’interès dels eclesiasticistes per les temàtiques comparades del Dret Eclesiàstic. Si considerem que la principal de totes elles és l’estudi de la llibertat religiosa i les relacions de les confessions o esglésies amb els Estats, les raons del present treball esdevenen òbvies. A la Unió Europea el conjunt dels Estats garanteixen la tutela de la llibertat religiosa i, en general, molts d’ells mantenen relacions de cooperació amb les confessions presents en els seus territoris: serien els casos de Portugal, Alemanya, Bèlgica i, especialment, Itàlia i l’Estat espanyol.
En relació a aquests dos últims, qualsevol estudi comparat sobre els respectius models de llibertat religiosa i de relació amb les confessions restaria incomplet si no afegíssim una variable intuïda, en el seu moment, per Bajet i Royo: ens referim al procés de descentralització política d’ambdós països1. En efecte, amb la reforma constitucional del Títol V, les Regions italianes han assumit competències legislatives i executives que, sia directament o bé indirectament, poden afectar l’exercici dels drets de la llibertat religiosa i el desenrotllament dels acords o intese signats per l’Estat italià amb les confessions i esglésies.
Al llarg de les properes pàgines contribuirem a l’anàlisi, des d’una perspectiva comparada en relació a l’Estat espanyol, del sistema de Dret Eclesiàstic estatal i regional de la República italiana, i això mitjançant l’estudi de les competències que, en els dos nivells de poder, s’han assumit en relació als anomenats “afers religiosos”. Ens interessa no tant explicar la reforma territorial del Títol V –atès que ja va ser degudament abordada per diversos constitucionalistes–, sinó descriure el paper que ocupa la llibertat religiosa i les relacions cooperatives amb les esglésies i confessions en aquest nou escenari, per tal d’extreure’n així les pertinents conclusions amb la mirada posada en el model espanyol d’afers religiosos i en el futur Estatut d’Autonomia de Catalunya.
En el segon capítol es tracta la matèria relativa a les relacions amb les confessions religioses, els principis constitucionals que orienten el Diritto Ecclesiastico i la competència estatal per a la negociació i signatura de les intese amb les esglésies i comunitats religioses. Posteriorment, en el tercer capítol , ens deturem en l’estudi dels òrgans administratius competents per a gestionar les demandes derivades del...
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